Constitutional Law is a body of law, rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operations of political communities, most importantly the state. Modern Constitutional law is an offspring of the idea that the state must protect certain fundamental rights of its individuals. The majority of this body of law has been developed from state and federal supreme court rulings, which interpret their respective constitutions and ensure that the laws passed by the legislature do not violate constitutional limits.
The various types of matters included under Constitutional law are; fundamental rights of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy, the process of Appeal.
Article 12 (State and other authorities)
Article 13:
(i) Retrospective Effect:
(ii) The Rule of Severability:
(iii) The Rule of Eclipse:
(iv) Future Laws:
(v) Waiver of Fundamental Rights:
(vi) Are Constitutional Amendments Laws?:
Article 14, 15 and 16 - The Right To Equality:
Anti-discrimination and affirmative action (Reservations) in India:
Article 19(1)(a) - Freedom of Speech and Expression:
Access to Justice, Democratization of the Judicial Process under Article 21:
Articles 25-28: Right To Freedom Of Religion:
Articles 29, 30 Cultural and Educational Rights:
Federalism - History and Typologies:
Territory and Reorganisation:
Legislative Competence:
Union and State Executive:
Constitutional Emergencies:
Asymmetric Federalism:
Political Representation and Decentralisation: