Tort Law
A Tort is a Civil wrong done by one person which gives rise to an injury or harm to another person for which courts impose liability. It is a breach of duty independent of a contract. The primary aim of Tort law is to provide relief to injured parties which have been caused due to the acts or omissions of others and to deter others from committing harmful acts.
There are various types of torts such as Trespass to person, Trespass to land, Negligence, Product liability, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
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DEFENSES TO INTENTIONAL TORTS:
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NEGLIGENCE
(i) Duty of Care-
(ii) Breach of Duty and Reasonable Person-
(iii) Causation and Foreseeability:
(iv) Duty of Care in special cases:
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DEFENSES TO NEGLIGENCE:
- Smith v. Charles Baker and Sons (1891) AC 325 (HL)
- South Indian Industrial Ltd., Madras v. Alamelu Ammal, AIR 1923 Mad. 565
- Haynes v. Harwood (1935) 1 KB 146
- Ramchandraram Nagaram Rice & Oil Ltd. v. Municipal Commissioners of Purulia Municipality, AIR 1943 Pat. 408
- Manindra Nath Mukherjee v. Mathuradas Chatturbhuj, AIR 1946 Cal. 175Ploof v. Putnam, 81 Vt. 471, 71 A. 188 (1908)
- Hall v. Brookelands Auto Racing Club (1932) 1 KB 205
- T.C. Balkrishnan Menon v. T.R. Subramanian, AIR 1968 Ker. 151.
- Smt. Vidya Devi and Anr. v. MPSRTC, AIR 1975 MP 89
- Morris v Murray [1990] 3 All ER 801
- Breunig v. American Family Insurance, 173 N.W.2d 619 (Wis. 1970)
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DEFAMATION
- Hough v. London Express Newspaper, Limited (1940) 2 KB 575
- Petra Ecclestone v. Telegraph Media Group Ltd [2009] EWHC 2779 (QB)
- Huth v. Huth [1915] 3 KB 32
- Indian Express Newspapers v. Jagmohan Mundhara and Anr. AIR 1985 Bom 229
- New York Times Co. v. Sullivan 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
- R. Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu (1994) 6 SCC 632
- Sim v Stretch [1936] 2 All ER 1237
- Tolley v Fry & Sons Ltd [1931] AC 333
- Abdul Wahab Galadari v. Indian Express Newspaper AIR 1994 Bom 69
- Govind Shantaram Walavalkar v. Pandharinath Shivaram Rege AIR 1985 Bom 224
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WILFUL MISCONDUCT