ISSUE:
Whether the involuntary administration of the impugned techniques violated the ‘right against self-incrimination’ enumerated in Article 20(3) of the Constitution?
Whether the involuntary administration of the impugned techniques was a reasonable restriction on ‘personal liberty’ as understood in the context of Article 21 of the Constitution?
RULE:
Utilizing such neuroscientific investigative methods constituted testimonial compulsion, infringed upon the accused's right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution, as well as their right against self-incrimination under Article 20(3).