ISSUE:
Whether Article 16(4) is an exception of Article 16(1) or not?
Whether the classification made is on the basis of economy or caste?
Whether in Article 16(4) Backward classes are similar to Socially and Educationally Backward Classes in Article 15(4) or not?
RULE:
Article 16(1), Article 16(4), Article 15(4), Article 340(1) of the Indian Constitution.