B.S. Yadav v. State of Haryana AIR 1981 SC 561
ISSUE:
Whether the principle of judicial independence under Article 235 restricts the Governor’s legislative authority under Article 309 in framing service rules for judicial officers?
Whether the quota rule for recruitment can constitutionally extend to confirmations and seniority, as governed by service rules?
Whether retrospective amendments to service rules violate the constitutional guarantees of equality and fairness under Articles 14 and 16?
RULE:
Judicial independence limits the Governor’s powers to the legislative framing of general rules, leaving their application and implementation to the High Court.
The quota system is restricted to recruitment and cannot be extended to confirmation and seniority without explicit statutory authority.
Retrospective amendments to service rules must satisfy the test of reasonable nexus and must not arbitrarily prejudice any class of officers.