ISSUE:
Whether the directive to convert overhead transmission lines into underground cables within the priority and potential habitats of the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) under Article 21 of the Constitution and the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is technically feasible, environmentally sustainable, and economically viable?
Whether the obligation to conserve the GIB under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and Article 48A of the Constitution can be harmonized with India's commitments to promote renewable energy development under its obligations to the Paris Agreement and other international treaties?
RULE:
Doctrine of Sustainable Development: A balance must be achieved between environmental conservation and developmental objectives to ensure that neither is compromised. Both goals are interconnected and must be pursued cohesively.
Precautionary Principle: Proactive measures should be undertaken to prevent irreversible harm to critically endangered species, even in the face of scientific uncertainty about the full impact of such measures.